K8S

流行的微服务集群方案

基础

特点

  1. 自动装箱，自我修复
  2. 水平扩展
  3. 服务发现
  4. 滚动更新
  5. 版本回退
  6. 密钥和配置管理
  7. 存储编排
  8. 批处理

结构概览

centos安装

默认设置

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# 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

# 关闭selinux
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config  # 永久
setenforce 0  # 临时

# 关闭swap
swapoff -a  # 临时
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab    # 永久

# 根据规划设置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname <hostname>

# 在master添加hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.44.146 k8smaster
192.168.44.145 k8snode1
192.168.44.144 k8snode2
EOF

# 时间同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com

安装Docker

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wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
yum -y install docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7
systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker

# 指定阿里云仓库
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF

# 重启
systemctl restart docker

# 添加阿里源
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

安装kubeadm，kubelet和kubectl

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yum install -y kubelet-1.18.0 kubeadm-1.18.0 kubectl-1.18.0
systemctl enable kubelet
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# master节点执行

kubeadm init \
  # master节点的ip地址
  --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.44.146 \
  # 指定阿里镜像
  --img-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
  # k8s版本
  --kubernetes-version v1.18.0 \
  # 虚拟ip
  --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \
  # 虚拟ip
  --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
  
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
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# master创建token
kubeadm token create --print-join-command

# node节点执行 每个机器不一样
kubeadm join 192.168.174.10:6443 --token 42bdp9.gqxdc91zh188hpa2 \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:796d6ea6d404ae99b331d2e1fb51a7f0e3113889c2954f9eeafde51970961b4f

部署CNI网络插件

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# master节点执行
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

测试

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kubectl create deployment nginx --img=nginx
kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
kubectl get pod,svc

命令

kubectl [command] [TYPE] [NAME] [flags]

基础命令

命令 解释
create 通过文件名或标准输入创建资源
expose 将一个资源公开为一个新的Service
run 在集群中运行一个特定的镜像
set 在对象上设置特定的功能
get 显示一个或多个资源
explain 文档参考资料
edit 使用默认的编辑器编辑一个资源
delete 通过文件名、标准输入、资源名称或标签选择器来删除资源

部署和集群管理命令

部署命令

命令 解释
rollout 管理资源的发布
rolling-update 对给定的复制控制器滚动更新
scale 扩容或缩容并设置Pod数量

集群管理命令

命令 解释
certificate 修改证书资源
cluster-info 显示集群信息
top 显示资源使用。需要Heapster运行
cordon 标记节点不可调度
uncordon 标记节点可调度
drain 驱逐节点上的应用，准备下线维护
taint 修改节点taint标记

故障和调试命令

命令 解释
describe 显示特定资源或资源组的详细信息
logs 在一个Pod中打印一个容器日志。如果Pod只有一个容器，容器名称是可选的
attach 附加到一个运行的容器
exec 执行命令到容器
port-forward 转发一个或多个本地端口到一个Pod
proxy 运行一个proxy到Kubernetes API server
cp 拷贝文件或目录到容器中
auth 检查授权

其他命令

命令 解释
apply 通过文件名或标准输入对资源应用配置
patch 使用补丁修改、更新资源的字段
replace 通过文件名或标准输入替换一个资源
convert 不同的API版本之间转换配置文件
label 更新资源上的标签
annotate 更新资源上的注释
completion 用于实现kubectl工具自动补全
api-versions 打印受支持的API版本
config 修改kubeconfig文件(用于访问API，比如配置认证信息)
help 所有命令帮助
plugin 运行一个命令行插件
version 打印客户端和服务版本信息

YAML配置

yaml文件说明

yaml文件示例

yaml文件字段说明

共享存储示例yaml

快速编写yaml文件

必须存在的字段

参数名 字段类型 说明
version String K8S API版本，目前基本是V1，可以用kubectl api-versions命令查询
kind String 这里指的是yaml文件定义的资源类型和角色，比如Pod
metadata Object 元数据类型，固定值写metadata
metadata.name String 元数据对象的名字，自己编写，比如命名Pod的名字
metadata.namespace String 元数据对象的命名空间，自己定义
Spec Object 详细定义对象，固定值写Spec
spec.container[] list 是Spec对象的容器列表定义，是个列表
spec.container[].name String 定义容器的名称
spec.container[].image String 定义要用到的镜像名称

spec主要对象

参数名 字段类型 说明
spec.containers[].name String 定义容器的名称
spec.containers[].image String 定义要用到的镜像名称
spec.containers[].imagePullPolicy String 定义镜像拉取策略，有Always,Nerve,IfNotPresent三个值可选
(1)Always：意思是每次尝试重新拉取镜像
(2)Never：标识仅使用本地镜像
(3)IfNotPresent：如果本地有镜像就是用本地镜像，没有就拉取在线镜像
上面三个值都没设置的话，默认是Always
spec.containers[].command[] List 指定容器启动命令，因为是数组可以指定多个，不指定则使用镜像打包时使用的启动命令
spec.containers[].args[] List 指定容器启动命令参数，因为是数组可以指定多个
spec.containers[].workingDir String 指定容器的工作目录
spec.containers[].volumeMounts[] List 指定容器内部的存储卷配置
spec.containers[].volumeMounts[].name String 指定可以被容器挂载的存储卷的名称
spec.containers[].volumeMounts[].mountPath String 指定可以被容器挂载的容器卷的路径
spec.containers[].volumeMounts[].readOnly String 设置存储卷路径的读写模式，true或者false，默认为读写模式
spec.containers[].ports[] List 指定容器需要用到对对对端口列表
spec.containers[].ports[].name String 指定端口名称
spec.containers[].ports[].containerPort String 指定容器需要监听的端口号
spec.containers[].ports[].hostPort String 指定容器所在主机需要监听的端口号，默认跟上面containerPort相同，
注意设置了hostPort同一台主机无法启动该容器的相同副本(因为主机端口号不能相同，这样会冲突)
spec.containers[].ports[].protocol String 指定端口协议，支持TCP和UDP，默认值为TCP
spec.containers[].env[] List 指定容器运行前需设置的环境变量列表
spec.containers[].env[].name String 指定环境变量名称
spec.containers[].env[].value String 指定环境变量值
spec.containers[].resources Object 指定资源限制和资源请求的值(这里开始就是设置容器的资源上限)
spec.containers[].resources.limits Object 指定设置容器运行时资源的运行上限
spec.containers[].resources.limits.cpu String 指定CPU的限制，单位为core数，将用于docker run –cpu-shares参数
spec.containers[].resources.limits.memory String 指定MEM内存的限制，单位为MIB,GIB
spec.containers[].resources.requests Object 指定容器启动和调度室的限制设置
spec.containers[].resources.requests.cpu String CPU请求，单位为core数，容器启动时初始化可用数量
spec.containers[].resources.requests.memory String 内存请求，单位为MIB,GIB 容器启动的初始化可用数量

额外参数

参数名 字段类型 说明
spec.restartPolicy String 定义Pod重启策略，可用选择值为Always，OnFailure，Never 默认值为Always
(1)Always：Pod一旦终止运行，则无论容器是如何终止，kubelet服务都将重启它
(2)OnFailure：只有Pod以非零退出码终止时，kubelet才会重启该容器。如果容器正常结束(退出码为0)，则kubelet将不会重启它
(3)Never：Pod终止后，kubelet将退出码报告给Master，不会重启该Pod
spec.nodeSelector Object 定义Node的Label过滤标签，以key:value格式指定
spec.imagePullSecrets Object 定义pull镜像是使用secret名称，以name:secretkey格式指定
spec.hostNetwork Boolean 定义是否使用主机网络模式，默认值为false。
设置true表示使用宿主机网络，不使用docker网桥，同时设置了true将无法在同一台宿主机上启动第二个副本

Pod

Pod 是 k8s 系统中可以创建和管理的最小单元，是资源对象模型中由用户创建或部署的最
小资源对象模型，也是在 k8s 上运行容器化应用的资源对象，其他的资源对象都是用来支
撑或者扩展 Pod 对象功能的，比如控制器对象是用来管控 Pod 对象的，Service 或者
Ingress 资源对象是用来暴露 Pod 引用对象的，PersistentVolume 资源对象是用来为 Pod
提供存储等等，k8s 不会直接处理容器，而是 Pod，Pod 是由一个或多个 container 组成

Pod 是 Kubernetes 的最重要概念，每一个 Pod 都有一个特殊的被称为”根容器“的 Pause
容器。Pause 容器对应的镜 像属于 Kubernetes 平台的一部分，除了 Pause 容器，每个 Pod
还包含一个或多个紧密相关的用户业务容器

基本

网络共享

共享存储

共享存储

镜像拉取策略

资源限制

重启机制

健康检查

创建pod流程

Pod调度-节点亲和性

Pod调度-节点选择器

Pod调度-污点和污点容忍

Controller

deployment控制器

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# cronjob
apiVersion: batch/v1beta1
kind: CronJob
metadata:
  name: hello
spec:
  schedule: "*/1 * * * *"
  jobTemplate:
    spec:
      template:
        spec:
          containers:
          - name: hello
            image: busybox
            args:
            - /bin/sh
            - -c
            - date; echo Hello from the Kubernetes cluster
          restartPolicy: OnFailure

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# ds
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: ds-test 
  labels:
    app: filebeat
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: filebeat
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: filebeat
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: logs
        image: nginx
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        volumeMounts:
        - name: varlog
          mountPath: /tmp/log
      volumes:
      - name: varlog
        hostPath:
          path: /var/log
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# job
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: pi
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: pi
        image: perl
        command: ["perl",  "-Mbignum=bpi", "-wle", "print bpi(2000)"]
      restartPolicy: Never
  backoffLimit: 4
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# sts
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx
  labels:
    app: nginx
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 80
    name: web
  clusterIP: None
  selector:
    app: nginx

---

apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: nginx-statefulset
  namespace: default
spec:
  serviceName: nginx
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:latest
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

Service

Secret

配置管理

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# secret
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: mysecret
type: Opaque
data:
  username: YWRtaW4=
  password: MWYyZDFlMmU2N2Rm
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# secret-var
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: mypod
spec:
  containers:
  - name: nginx
    image: nginx
    env:
      - name: SECRET_USERNAME
        valueFrom:
          secretKeyRef:
            name: mysecret
            key: username
      - name: SECRET_PASSWORD
        valueFrom:
          secretKeyRef:
            name: mysecret
            key: password
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# secret-vol
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: mypod
spec:
  containers:
  - name: nginx
    image: nginx
    volumeMounts:
    - name: foo
      mountPath: "/etc/foo"
      readOnly: true
  volumes:
  - name: foo
    secret:
      secretName: mysecret

configMap

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# cm.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: mypod
spec:
  containers:
    - name: busybox
      image: busybox
      command: [ "/bin/sh","-c","cat /etc/config/redis.properties" ]
      volumeMounts:
      - name: config-volume
        mountPath: /etc/config
  volumes:
    - name: config-volume
      configMap:
        name: redis-config
  restartPolicy: Never
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# config-var
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: mypod
spec:
  containers:
    - name: busybox
      image: busybox
      command: [ "/bin/sh", "-c", "echo $(LEVEL) $(TYPE)" ]
      env:
        - name: LEVEL
          valueFrom:
            configMapKeyRef:
              name: myconfig
              key: special.level
        - name: TYPE
          valueFrom:
            configMapKeyRef:
              name: myconfig
              key: special.type
  restartPolicy: Never
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# myconfig
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: myconfig
  namespace: default
data:
  special.level: info
  special.type: hello
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# redis.properties
redis.host=127.0.0.1
redis.port=6379
redis.password=123456

安全机制

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# rbac-role.yaml
kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  namespace: roledemo
  name: pod-reader
rules:
- apiGroups: [""] # "" indicates the core API group
  resources: ["pods"]
  verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]
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# rbac-rolebinding.yaml
kind: RoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: read-pods
  namespace: roledemo
subjects:
- kind: User
  name: lucy # Name is case sensitive
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
roleRef:
  kind: Role #this must be Role or ClusterRole
  name: pod-reader # this must match the name of the Role or ClusterRole you wish to bind to
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
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# rabc-user.sh
cat > mary-csr.json <<EOF
{
  "CN": "mary",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes mary-csr.json | cfssljson -bare mary 

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  # 当前机器ip
  --server=https://192.168.31.63:6443 \
  --kubeconfig=mary-kubeconfig
  
kubectl config set-credentials mary \
  --client-key=mary-key.pem \
  --client-certificate=mary.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=mary-kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=mary \
  --kubeconfig=mary-kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=mary-kubeconfig

Ingress

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# ingress-controller.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: nginx-configuration
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: tcp-services
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: udp-services
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
      - endpoints
      - nodes
      - pods
      - secrets
    verbs:
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - services
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - events
    verbs:
      - create
      - patch
  - apiGroups:
      - "extensions"
      - "networking.k8s.io"
    resources:
      - ingresses
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - "extensions"
      - "networking.k8s.io"
    resources:
      - ingresses/status
    verbs:
      - update

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Role
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-role
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
      - pods
      - secrets
      - namespaces
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
    resourceNames:
      # Defaults to "<election-id>-<ingress-class>"
      # Here: "<ingress-controller-leader>-<nginx>"
      # This has to be adapted if you change either parameter
      # when launching the nginx-ingress-controller.
      - "ingress-controller-leader-nginx"
    verbs:
      - get
      - update
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
    verbs:
      - create
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - endpoints
    verbs:
      - get

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-role-nisa-binding
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: nginx-ingress-role
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
    namespace: ingress-nginx

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole-nisa-binding
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
    namespace: ingress-nginx

---

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
      app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
      annotations:
        prometheus.io/port: "10254"
        prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
    spec:
      hostNetwork: true
      # wait up to five minutes for the drain of connections
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 300
      serviceAccountName: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      containers:
        - name: nginx-ingress-controller
          image: lizhenliang/nginx-ingress-controller:0.30.0
          args:
            - /nginx-ingress-controller
            - --configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/nginx-configuration
            - --tcp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/tcp-services
            - --udp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/udp-services
            - --publish-service=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/ingress-nginx
            - --annotations-prefix=nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: true
            capabilities:
              drop:
                - ALL
              add:
                - NET_BIND_SERVICE
            # www-data -> 101
            runAsUser: 101
          env:
            - name: POD_NAME
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.name
            - name: POD_NAMESPACE
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
          ports:
            - name: http
              containerPort: 80
              protocol: TCP
            - name: https
              containerPort: 443
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            failureThreshold: 3
            httpGet:
              path: /healthz
              port: 10254
              scheme: HTTP
            initialDelaySeconds: 10
            periodSeconds: 10
            successThreshold: 1
            timeoutSeconds: 10
          readinessProbe:
            failureThreshold: 3
            httpGet:
              path: /healthz
              port: 10254
              scheme: HTTP
            periodSeconds: 10
            successThreshold: 1
            timeoutSeconds: 10
          lifecycle:
            preStop:
              exec:
                command:
                  - /wait-shutdown

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: LimitRange
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
spec:
  limits:
  - min:
      memory: 90Mi
      cpu: 100m
    type: Container
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# ingress01.yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: example-ingress
spec:
  rules:
  - host: example.ingredemo.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        backend:
          serviceName: web
          servicePort: 80

helm

概述

快速部署应用

创建Chart

Chart模板

持久化存储

nfs

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# nfs-nginx.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-dep1
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx
        volumeMounts:
        - name: wwwroot
          mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
      volumes:
        - name: wwwroot
          nfs:
            server: 192.168.44.134
            path: /data/nfs

pv和pvc

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# pvc.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-dep1
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx
        volumeMounts:
        - name: wwwroot
          mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
      volumes:
      - name: wwwroot
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: my-pvc

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: my-pvc
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteMany
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 5Gi
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# pv.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: my-pv
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 5Gi
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteMany
  nfs:
    path: /data/nfs
    server: 192.168.44.134

集群监控平台

部署prometheus

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# node-exporter.yaml 第一个执行
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: node-exporter
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: node-exporter
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: node-exporter
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: node-exporter
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: prom/node-exporter
        name: node-exporter
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9100
          protocol: TCP
          name: http
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: node-exporter
  name: node-exporter
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  ports:
  - name: http
    port: 9100
    nodePort: 31672
    protocol: TCP
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    k8s-app: node-exporter
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# rbac-setup.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: prometheus
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources:
  - nodes
  - nodes/proxy
  - services
  - endpoints
  - pods
  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- apiGroups:
  - extensions
  resources:
  - ingresses
  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- nonResourceURLs: ["/metrics"]
  verbs: ["get"]
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: prometheus
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: prometheus
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
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# configmap.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: prometheus-config
  namespace: kube-system
data:
  prometheus.yml: |
    global:
      scrape_interval:     15s
      evaluation_interval: 15s
    scrape_configs:

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-apiservers'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
        action: keep
        regex: default;kubernetes;https

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-nodes'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: node
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
        regex: (.+)
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-cadvisor'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: node
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
        regex: (.+)
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-service-endpoints'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
        action: replace
        target_label: __scheme__
        regex: (https?)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
        action: replace
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        regex: (.+)
      - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
        action: replace
        target_label: __address__
        regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_name

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-services'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: service
      metrics_path: /probe
      params:
        module: [http_2xx]
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_probe]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: blackbox-exporter.example.com:9115
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
        target_label: kubernetes_name

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-ingresses'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: ingress
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_annotation_prometheus_io_probe]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_scheme,__address__,__meta_kubernetes_ingress_path]
        regex: (.+);(.+);(.+)
        replacement: ${1}://${2}${3}
        target_label: __param_target
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: blackbox-exporter.example.com:9115
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_ingress_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_name]
        target_label: kubernetes_name

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-pods'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: pod
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
        action: replace
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        regex: (.+)
      - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
        action: replace
        regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
        target_label: __address__
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_name]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_pod_name
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# prometheus.deploy.yml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    name: prometheus-deployment
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: prometheus
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: prometheus
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: prom/prometheus:v2.0.0
        name: prometheus
        command:
        - "/bin/prometheus"
        args:
        - "--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml"
        - "--storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus"
        - "--storage.tsdb.retention=24h"
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9090
          protocol: TCP
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: "/prometheus"
          name: data
        - mountPath: "/etc/prometheus"
          name: config-volume
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 100Mi
          limits:
            cpu: 500m
            memory: 2500Mi
      serviceAccountName: prometheus    
      volumes:
      - name: data
        emptyDir: {}
      - name: config-volume
        configMap:
          name: prometheus-config   
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# prometheus.svc.yml
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    app: prometheus
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - port: 9090
    targetPort: 9090
    nodePort: 30003
  selector:
    app: prometheus

部署Grafana

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# grafana-deploy.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: grafana-core
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    app: grafana
    component: core
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: grafana
      component: core
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: grafana
        component: core
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: grafana/grafana:4.2.0
        name: grafana-core
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        # env:
        resources:
          # keep request = limit to keep this container in guaranteed class
          limits:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 100Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 100Mi
        env:
          # The following env variables set up basic auth twith the default admin user and admin password.
          - name: GF_AUTH_BASIC_ENABLED
            value: "true"
          - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED
            value: "false"
          # - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE
          #   value: Admin
          # does not really work, because of template variables in exported dashboards:
          # - name: GF_DASHBOARDS_JSON_ENABLED
          #   value: "true"
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /login
            port: 3000
          # initialDelaySeconds: 30
          # timeoutSeconds: 1
        volumeMounts:
        - name: grafana-persistent-storage
          mountPath: /var
      volumes:
      - name: grafana-persistent-storage
        emptyDir: {}
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# grafana-svc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: grafana
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    app: grafana
    component: core
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 3000
  selector:
    app: grafana
    component: core
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# grafana-ing.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
   name: grafana
   namespace: kube-system
spec:
   rules:
   - host: k8s.grafana
     http:
       paths:
       - path: /
         backend:
          serviceName: grafana
          servicePort: 3000

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2021
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